鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起西南缘奥陶系热演化史恢复与生烃史——以麟游-旬邑地区为例     

曹展鹏  任战利  熊平  祁凯  陈占军 《地质学报》2016,90(3):513-520

本文应用古地温恢复法及盆地模拟法,恢复鄂尔多斯盆地渭北隆起西南缘奥陶系最大古地温梯度、热演化史和生烃史。根据钻孔测温曲线求得渭北隆起现今地温梯度为3.12℃/100m。该区在二叠纪和三叠纪进入快速沉降阶段,早侏罗世早白垩世进入缓慢沉降阶段,晚白垩世以来进入抬升剥蚀阶段,剥蚀厚度在1100~1300 m。旬邑地区奥陶系烃源岩在早二叠世约270 Ma进入生油窗,晚三叠世约210 Ma进入成熟生油阶段。晚侏罗世约150 Ma开始大量生气,在早白垩世末期96 Ma左右,地层达到最大埋深及最高古地温,达到生气高峰。热史恢复及模拟结果表明旬邑地区早白垩世地温梯度最高可达到5.0℃/100 m,是主要生气期。  相似文献   

Stabilisation/solidification and bioaugmentation treatment of petroleum drill cuttings     

《Applied Geochemistry》2016

Petroleum drill cuttings are usually treated by techniques suitable for particular contaminant groups. The significance of this study consists in the development of a treatment technology that can simultaneously handle the hydrocarbon and metal constituents of drill cuttings. Bioaugmentation is combined with stabilisation/solidification (S/S), within S/S monoliths and in granulated S/S monoliths. Portland cement was used for S/S treatment at 30% binder dosage. Bioaugmentation treatment involved two bacterial densities of a mixed culture bio-preparation. The effects of inclusion of compost, fertiliser and activated carbon were also evaluated. After 28 days, the combined S/S and bioaugmentation treatments recorded up to 15% higher total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) loss than control S/S treatment without bioaugmentation. Embedding fertiliser, activated carbon and higher bacterial density within S/S monoliths resulted in the highest (99%) TPH reduction but higher concentrations of metals. The addition of compost and lower bacterial density to granulated S/S monoliths led to similar (98%) TPH degradation and lower amounts of metals. The results suggest that with better mixture optimisation, combining S/S and bioaugmentation could engender more sustainable treatment of drill cuttings.  相似文献   

成岩作用与油气侵位对砂岩铀成矿的约束--以准南硫磺沟地区头屯河组砂岩铀成矿为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄少华  秦明宽  刘章月  许强  郭强 《沉积学报》2016,34(2):250-259

为了解准噶尔盆地南缘硫磺沟地区中侏罗统头屯河组砂岩成岩-流体演化与铀成矿响应,进而客观评价其成矿潜力。通过光薄片鉴定、X衍射、扫描电镜分析得出:目的层主要为岩屑细砂岩,依次经历了浅埋藏、深埋藏和表生-热液成岩阶段,遭受较强的机械压实、胶结及溶蚀作用。其黏土矿物以高岭石为主,碳酸盐矿物有细亮晶和泥晶两类,硅质胶结微弱,局部见细晶黄铁矿及其褐铁矿氧化产物。成岩环境可能经历了由酸性到弱碱性再到酸性,由同生期氧化-浅埋期还原-短暂抬升期氧化还原过渡-缓慢沉降期还原增强-快速抬升期氧化的演化过程。砂岩中存在较多油气包裹体;酸解总烃为5.72~449.14 μL/kg,以CH₄为主;方解石脉δ13C_V-PDB为-25‰~-6.7‰,δ18O_V-SMOW为11.1‰~18.9‰;结合野外调查认为目的层存在一期中等偏弱的后生油气侵位,从而影响了砂体的Eh及pH值。以上成岩过程及烃类流体活动使得目的层早期形成了小型层间氧化带型铀矿并得以局部保存,晚期形成了一定规模的地表潜水氧化带型铀矿体。  相似文献   

Laboratory Simulation of the Formation Process of Surface Geochemical Anomalies Applied to Hydrocarbon Exploration     

WANG Guojian  TANG Yuping  CHENG Tongjin  TANG Junhong  FAN Ming  LU Li 《《地质学报》英文版》2016,90(6):2149-2162

The formation mechanisms and processes of geochemical anomalies used as proxies in surface geochemistry exploration (SGE) have not been well understood. Previous studies cannot realize 3D measurement of microseeping hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface, which made it difficult to understand the features and pathways of deep hydrocarbon microseepages. Understanding the processes of hydrocarbon microseepages will contribute to the acceptance and effectiveness of surface geochemistry. Based on a simplified geological model of hydrocarbon microseepages, including hydrocarbon reservoir, direct caprock, overlying strata and Quaternary sediments, this work established a 3D experimental system to simulate the mechanisms and processes of deep hydrocarbon microseepes extending to the surface. The dispersive halos of microseeping hydrocarbons in the subsurface were adequately described by using this 3D experimental system. Results indicate that different migration patterns of hydrocarbons above the point gas source within the simulated caprock and overlying strata can be reflected by the ratio of i-butane to n-butane (i-C4/n-C4), which follow diffusion and infiltration (buoyancy) mechanisms. This is not the case for vertical measurement lines far from the point gas source. A vertical gas flow in the form of a plume was found during hydrocarbon microseepage. For sampling methods, the high-density grid sampling is favorable for delineating prospecting targets. Hydrocarbon infiltration or buoyancy flow occurs in the zones of infiltration clusters, coupling with a diffusion mechanism at the top of the water table and forming surface geochemical anomalies. These results are significant in understanding hydrocarbon microseepage and interpreting SGE data.  相似文献   

沉积盆地铀-油(气)共生机理          下载免费PDF全文

妥成荣  黄志新 《地质找矿论丛》2016,31(4):529-537

产于含油(气)盆地中的地浸砂岩型铀矿床与油(气)关系密切,在空间上常与油(气)藏呈共生关系。文章认为其成矿条件和控矿因素相似,并且具有成因联系是二者共生的主要原因。砂岩型铀矿和油(气)藏具有相似的成矿大地构造背景、岩相古地理条件、容矿地层、岩性圈闭、构造控矿条件和有机质基础;在成因上油(气)中的不同组分及其次生矿物对铀有重要的吸附和还原作用,是铀沉淀富集的重要因素之一,铀等放射性元素的存在也有利于油气的生成。由于成矿机理的差异性,砂岩型铀矿与油(气)藏属于异体共生矿床,二者的产出位置并不完全重叠,砂岩型铀矿的产出位置往往更靠近盆缘,且在油(气)储层上方,或以单一矿种产出。  相似文献   

显微荧光光谱技术在油气成藏研究中的应用——以塔里木盆地巴什托上古生界油气藏为例     

孙守亮  郭巍  李永飞  苏飞 《世界地质》2016,35(1):173-183

根据原油在紫外光的激发下产生荧光的特点,通过显微荧光光谱方法,对有机包裹体的荧光光谱进行定量化分析,利用其主峰波长与荧光强度、主峰波长与红/绿商的相关性,对塔里木盆地巴什托上古生界油气藏的成藏特征进行了初步研究。在研究区所采集的32块岩石样品中共获得64个荧光光谱数据。分析结果表明,巴什托上古生界油气藏存在3个油源,其主峰波长主要集中在439~443nm、469~472 nm和498~503 nm三个值段上,且为不同演化阶段的混源充注。前两者来自于寒武—奥陶系烃源岩,由下至上充注成藏;后一油源来自于石炭系巴楚组,随演化程度的变化同时向上、下两个方向充注。综合同期捕获不同主峰波长的有机包裹体,推测研究区至少存在4期油充注、1期天然气充注。  相似文献   

A novel method to estimate mineral compositions of mudrocks: A case study for the Canadian unconventional petroleum systems     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2016

The mineral composition of mudrocks is an essential attribute in controlling the reservoir quality of unconventional petroleum systems. The present study introduces a semi-quantitative method to estimate mineral phases of mudrocks in various Canadian unconventional hydrocarbon systems using total elemental analysis (inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS)) and Rock-Eval data (total organic carbon (TOC) and mineral carbon (MinC)).This method involves statistical analysis based on a sound knowledge of hydrocarbon source rock inorganic geochemistry. The workflow can be divided into four steps: (i) converting major elements (Si, Al, Fe, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Ti, and P) to their oxides, (ii) inferring modes of occurrence of elements using statistical analysis of geochemical data (major elements, TOC, and MinC), (iii) identifying the mineral types (oxide, aluminosilicates, carbonates, sulfide, and phosphate) according to elemental occurrences and calculating mineral phase concentrations, and (iv) verifying the results by comparing to XRD data on selected samples. The results, especially for brittle minerals such as quartz, carbonates (e.g. calcite, dolomite, and ankerite), and pyrite, show that the estimated mineral compositions correspond closely and consistently with measured mineralogy obtained from XRD. This method takes advantage of bulk geochemical data already available for hydrocarbon potential and chemostratigraphic studies, without devoting additional samples and cost for XRD analysis.  相似文献   

消油剂处理120#燃料油对海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)胚胎抗氧化酶活性影响的研究     

高翔  丁光辉  钱怡婷  姜玲玲  熊德琪 《海洋科学》2016,40(8):18-26

以海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)胚胎为研究对象,比较了120#燃料油分散液(water-accommodated fractions,WAFs)与乳化液(biologically enhanced water-accommodated fractions,BE-WAFs)的急性毒性效应,并研究了不同浓度(40、100、250 mg/L)下WAFs、BE-WAFs对胚胎内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽硫转移酶(GST)活性的影响。结果表明:在受到石油烃的氧化胁迫后,海水青鳉胚胎内3种抗氧化酶活性变化明显。随着石油烃浓度的升高和暴露时间的延长,3种酶表现出程度不同的诱导效应和抑制效应。其中受石油烃污染影响最为明显的为SOD酶;而GST酶则对消油剂单独暴露表现较为敏感。实验证明,海水青鳉体内SOD酶活性对石油烃污染反应最为敏感,适合作为监测石油烃污染程度的生物标志物。  相似文献   

莺琼盆地中新统海相烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力评价     

王元  李贤庆  王刚  徐新德  刘海钰 《现代地质》2018,32(3):500

通过有机碳测定、岩石热解分析、显微组分定量分析、饱和烃色谱、色谱-质谱等实验分析,对莺琼盆地中新统海相烃源岩的地球化学特征进行了研究,探讨了不同层位烃源岩的生烃潜力。结果表明：莺琼盆地中新统海相烃源岩有机质丰度总体较低,大部分烃源岩为中等烃源岩,有机质类型以Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型为主,有机质热演化主要处于成熟阶段。烃源岩显微组分组成具有富含镜质组、壳质组+腐泥组次之、贫含惰性组的特征。烃源岩沉积环境主要为弱氧化-弱还原环境,具有陆生高等植物和低等水生生物生源混合输入的特征。莺歌海盆地梅山组烃源岩综合评价为中等烃源岩,生烃潜力相对较好,三亚组烃源岩综合评价为较差—中等烃源岩,具有一定的生烃潜力。琼东南盆地梅山组和三亚组烃源岩综合评价为中等烃源岩,具有相当的生烃潜力。  相似文献   

东濮凹陷膏盐岩对烃源岩成烃演化的控制作用及其石油地质意义     

陈湘飞  李素梅  张洪安  徐田武  张云献  万中华  纪红  郭振乾 《现代地质》2018,32(6):1125

东濮凹陷北部盐湖相膏盐岩极其发育,膏盐岩对烃源岩性质及生烃特征的影响研究薄弱。采用地质与地球化学相结合途径,探讨了含膏盐岩层系烃源岩特性及其成烃演化规律。结果表明,盐区与无盐区烃源岩的特性有很大差异,北部盐湖相含盐区深灰色、褐色等暗色页岩有机质丰度一般大于15%,有机质类型以Ⅱ1型和Ⅰ型为主,是区内主要的优质烃源岩;南部淡水湖相无盐区主要发育有利生气的Ⅱ—Ⅲ型干酪根,反映东濮凹陷烃源岩的质量及生烃潜能与膏盐岩的发育密切相关。观察到膏盐岩影响烃源岩的成烃演化进程,当膏盐层厚度为50 m时,生油窗的范围显著增加;随着盐岩厚度(>50 m)的增加,湿气窗的范围也逐渐增加;当膏盐岩厚度约400 m时,生油窗范围开始减小,湿气窗的范围仍有增加趋势。膏盐岩对烃源岩“生油气窗”的影响是基于其较高的热导率属性,通过影响地温场而实现。以地质解剖为依据,建立了文留地区含膏盐岩层系烃源岩成烃演化模式。东濮凹陷含膏盐岩层系烃源岩的演化特征对该凹陷及同类含膏盐岩盆地油气勘探具有重要指示意义。  相似文献